As we all know that the main compo
nent of plastic is synthetic resin which the co
ntent is usually 40-100% of the total weight of plastic. And synthetic resin is mainly made of petroleum and natural gas. Now it’s not difficult to understand that plastic co
ntain oil, so if plastic could be decomposed, sure plastic could be made into fuel. Then how to turn plastic back into oil is what we are going to explore here.
Firstly, many people should had the experience to burn some kind plastic goods. Did you ever find that when you burning the plastics, it’s melted and dripped dro
p by drop? Then have you ever thought why it is? I think most people should have already known the answer. It’s because of the oil co
ntent inside the plastic. Ok. Now let’s think if we put plastic into a vessel, and heat it to high temperature till plastic inside the vessel is melted and decomposed, will the oil co
ntained in plastic become oil gas and be evaporated out?
ba
sed on this assumption, that’s how plastic pyrolysis to fuel oil technology was developed. Pyrolysis is a process of high polymer cracked into low polymer. The pyrolysis reaction is mainly reflected in C-C bond fission with CH bond fission at the same time. This thermal effect should be a high endothermic process, which required higher energy from outside than C-C bon energy. o
nly this way, the reaction could be proceeded smoothly. Plastic pyrolysis is the process that we put plastic into a oxygen-free or mio
nectic and sealed vessel, then start heating, till plastic pyrolyzed. Through the
plastic pyrolysis process, the outputs are syngas and solid waste. For the syngas, of which, most part is the oil gas that could be co
ndensed to fuel fuel oil. The remaining part is the unco
ndensable gas, but is flammable, which could be directly recycled and used as heating fuel for the pyrolysis process itself. As for the solid waste, the main co
ntent is the carbon black, which is also the raw material for making plastics.
Normally, the required temperature for plastic pyrolysis is around 300-600℃ depends on different plastics. And through experiment, PE and PP plastics are the best for pyrolysis to fuel oil. Also because the main component of PE and PP plastics are made of petroleum. Now in our daily life, every day we generate big amount of waste plastics, include all kinds of packages, agricultural films, woven bags, tins and bottles, etc. All of these waste plastics could be disposed by the pyrolysis process for recycle use. Compared to landfill, incineration, pyrolysis does not generate secondary pollution, also bring high benefit, both social and economic.
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